Diabetic Retinopathy is a diabetes-related eye condition that affects the blood vessels of the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. It is a leading cause of blindness among adults. The condition occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina, leading to leakage, swelling, or the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. It is one of the leading causes of vision loss in people over the age of 50. AMD doesn’t cause complete blindness, but it can significantly impair the ability to read, recognize faces, and perform tasks requiring sharp vision.

Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is a condition where one of the veins in the retina becomes blocked, usually by a blood clot. This blockage can cause blood and fluid to leak into the retina, leading to swelling, bleeding, and potential vision loss. There are two main types:

1. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO): Occurs when the main vein in the retina is blocked, leading to more widespread damage and vision loss.
2. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO): Involves a blockage in one of the smaller branches of the retinal vein, typically causing less severe but still significant vision problems.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is an eye condition where fluid builds up under the retina, specifically in the macula (the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision). This causes a small detachment of the retina and leads to blurred or distorted central vision.